Reka nkubwire umunsi mubi cyane nagize mu gukora indege. Twari dukora ibikoresho byinshi bya Ti-6Al-4V turbine blade kuri 5-axis DMG Mori - ubwoko bw'akazi kishyura fagitire kandi kagatuma icyemezo cyawe cya AS9100 gikomeza kuba icy'ingenzi. Twari tumaze ibyumweru bitandatu dukora akazi neza hamwe n'ikigo gitanga imashini yo mu bwoko bwa mid-tier carbide insert. Hanyuma bahinduye uburyo bwabo bwo gusiga irangi batabitumenyesheje. Mu masaha atatu nyuma y'uko imashini ya mbere ikoreshejwe, twagize ikibazo cy'ibikoresho byo gusiba, byashenye ibikoresho bibiri ku madolari 4,200 buri kimwe. Kubera ko impamvu nyamukuru yadutwaye ibyumweru bibiri kugira ngo tumenye impamvu nyamukuru binyuze mu isesengura ryacu bwite, byabaye ngombwa ko dushyira mu kato ahantu hose hakorerwaga ibicuruzwa, dutinza kohereza ibicuruzwa ku mukiriya wo mu cyiciro cya mbere cy’indege, kandi dutanga raporo zemewe z’ibikorwa byo gukosora amashami atatu atandukanye ashinzwe kugenzura ubuziranenge.

Icyo kibazo cyahinduye cyane uburyo itsinda ryacu rishinzwe gutanga amasoko risuzuma abatanga ibikoresho bya karuboni mu kirere ku bijyanye n'akazi k'indege ya titanium. Icyo ngiye gusangiza muri iyi nkuru ni uburyo bwo gusuzuma neza twakoresheje mu buryo bubabaza - ibipimo birindwi bitandukanya abatanga ibikoresho bumva ibisabwa ku ireme ry'indege n'abacuruza ibikoresho bya karuboni mu kirere kandi bizeye ibyiza.

Amakosa akomeye mu guhitamo imashini zikoresha karuboni mu gusya Titanium Aerospace

Nabonye amaduka y’imashini zikora mu kirere akora amakosa amwe yo guhitamo imashini zikoresha karuboni kenshi, kandi menshi muri yo aturuka ku gushishoza gukomeye: gufata titaniyumu nk'ikindi kintu "kigoye gukoresha mu mashini". Kubera ko imyitwarire ya titaniyumu mu gutunganya ibintu itandukanye cyane n'iy'icyuma cyangwa ndetse n'icyuma kitagira umugeseUbunararibonye kuri ibyo bikoresho ntabwo buhagije gusa - bushobora kuyobya cyane.

Ikosa rya 1: Kugena amanota ya ISO K-series cyangwa P-series ku kazi ka titanium. Iri ni ikosa rikunze kugaragara kandi rihenze cyane mbona. Ingano za karubide zo mu bwoko bwa K (ISO K01–K40) zikoreshwa mu byuma bicuzwe n'ibidakoresha feri - ingano ya kobalti, imiterere y'ibinyampeke, na chimie yo gusiga byose ni bibi kuri titaniyumu. Ingano za P-series (ISO P01–P50) zagenewe icyuma. Gukoresha kimwe muri ibyo kuri titaniyumu ntibiguha igihe gito cy'ibikoresho - biguha ikibazo cy'ibikoresho kidashoboka, ibyo mu bikoresho by'indege ntibyemewe. Nabonye gushyiramo ibikoresho bya chip no kubishyira mu buso burangiye, bisaba gukuraho EDM ihenze no kongera gukoreshwa. Ku bice by'indege bifite imiterere y'ingenzi, ikibazo kimwe cyo kunanirwa kw'igikoresho gishobora gutuma igice kidakira.

Ikosa rya 2: Guhitamo ibikoresho byo gushyiramo ibikoresho bishingiye gusa ku giciro cy'ibanze kuri buri kintu cyo gushyiramo. Iyo mbajije amatsinda ashinzwe amasoko icyatuma bahitamo imashini zikoresha karuboni, igisubizo gikunze kugaragara ni "igiciro kuri buri mashini zikoresha karuboni." Iki ni igipimo kidafite aho gihuriye n'ubukungu bw'inganda mu kazi k'indege za titaniyumu. Kubera ko impinduka z'ibikoresho zitwara igihe cy'imashini (ubusanzwe iminota 15-30 kuri buri mpinduka y'igikoresho harimo no kugenzura) kandi buri pfundo ry'igikoresho mu kazi k'indege ya titanium rishobora kwangirika., igiciro nyakuri cy'igikoresho cyo gukata cya USD $2 kinanirwa nyuma y'iminota 8 ni USD $800–1,200 kuri buri gikoresho iyo hari ibintu byose birimo. Igikoresho cyo gukata cya USD $28 cyo hejuru gikoresha iminota 65 gitanga ubukungu bwiza ku kigero cya gatatu.

Ikosa rya 3: Kwirengagiza itandukaniro mu mikorere yo gusiga. Imyambaro yose ya TiAlN ntabwo ingana. Imyambaro ya PVD ikoreshwa ku bushyuhe buri munsi ya 500°C ikomeza gukomera no gukomera kwa substrate - ni ingenzi mu kazi ka titaniyumu mu kirere aho imbaraga z'inkombe ari zo zikomeye. Imyambaro ya CVD ikoreshwa mu gushonga kwa Chemical Vapor, nubwo itanga ubushobozi bwo kwangirika neza mu buryo bumwe na bumwe, ikoreshwa ku bushyuhe buri hejuru ya 900°C kandi ishobora gutuma habaho ubushyuhe ku gice cyo hagati cy'imyambaro n'igice cyo hagati cy'imashini. Nabonye imashini za CVD zishyirwa mu imashini zigabanya ubushyuhe bwa titaniyumu mbere y'igihe kuko uburyo bwo gushonga ku bushyuhe bwinshi bwatumye habaho urwego rwo hasi rw'umupaka runanirwa mu gihe cy'ubushyuhe bwinshi bwo gukoresha titaniyumu.

Ikosa rya 4: Ibipimo byo gutegura impande bidahagije. Imiterere y'inkombe z'icyuma gishyirwa mu bikorwa mu kirere cya titaniyumu si ikintu cyo kwisiga - ni urwego rw'ibanze rw'imikorere. Inkombe ikozwe neza ifite radius iri hagati ya 0.03mm na 0.05mm itanga uburinganire bukwiye bw'imbaraga z'inkombe n'ubukana bw'icyuma gishyirwa mu gikoni cya titaniyumu. Inkombe ikozwe cyane (radius iri munsi ya 0.02mm) iracika vuba mu gace gashyirwamo titaniyumu gakomeye. Inkombe ikozwe cyane (radius iri hejuru ya 0.08mm) yongera imbaraga zo gukata n'ikoreshwa ry'ingufu mu gihe iteza imbere imiterere y'inkombe. Abatanga ibikoresho benshi batanga ibikoresho bifite uburyo bwo gutegura impande bunyuranyije n'uburyo bwo kuzitegura - itandukaniro ry'inkombe mu nkombe rikozwe neza rya ±0.03mm rishobora gutera itandukaniro rifatika mu kurangiza ubuso n'igihe ibikoresho bimara.

Ikosa rya 5: Kunanirwa kwemeza ibyinjizwa mu buryo bufatika mu gihe cy'umusaruro. Amaduka menshi y’imashini zo mu kirere yishingikiriza ku makuru atangwa n’abatanga serivisi zo gukata (agaciro ka katalogi) aho kwemeza imikorere hakurikijwe imiterere yazo yihariye. Mu bunararibonye bwanjye, agaciro ka katalogi ku buzima bwa titanium insert gakunze kurenza urugero ku mikorere y’isi nyayo ho 30–50% kuko isuzuma ry’abatanga serivisi rikunze gukorwa ku duti tw’ibizamini duhuye, ntabwo rikorerwa ku buryo bw’ibigize ibikoresho bifite ibice bitandukanye, imifuka idasobanutse, n’ibice bivangwa bitanga imiterere ikomeye y’ibice nyabyo by’indege. Twabyize mu buryo bugoye ubwo igihe cy’iminota 60 "cyasezeranyijwe na katalogi" cyahindukaga iminota 22 mu nkuru yacu ya mbere - igice cyari gifite igice gito cyateye urusaku rw’urukuta runini kandi cyihutisha gutsindwa kwa katalogi.

Ibipimo 7 by'ubuhanga bukwiye ku isuzuma ry'umutanga Carbide Insert

Iyo itsinda ryacu risuzuma ikigo gishya gitanga karubine insert ku bijyanye n'akazi ka titanium mu kirere, dukoresha uburyo bwo kugenzura ibintu bungana na seven-dimension due disease. Kubera ko buri gipimo kigaragaza uburyo bushobora gutsindwa bushobora kwangiza amahame y’ubuziranenge bw’indege, nta gipimo kimwe gishobora gukurwaho cyangwa ngo gihabwe agaciro. Byose uko ari birindwi bigomba kunyura ku mubare ntarengwa w’ibisabwa mbere yuko umucuruzi yinjira ku rutonde rw’abagurisha bemewe.

Ingano ya 1: Icyemezo cy'ibikoresho byo mu butaka n'ingano y'ibinyampeke bihuye

Substrate ya karubide ni ishingiro ry'imikorere y'inyongera. Ku kazi ka titaniyumu mu kirere, dushyiraho karubide nziza (ingano y'inyongera iri munsi ya mikorometero 1.0) ifite nibura 92.5% by'umusemburo wa tungsten carbide. Dukeneye ibyangombwa by'ibikoresho bivuye ku ruganda rukora substrate, harimo amakuru y'ingano y'inyongera n'ijanisha rya cobalt binder (ubusanzwe 6-10% ku ikoreshwa rya titaniyumu). Impinduka iyo ari yo yose mu miterere ya substrate - ndetse n'impinduka ya 0.5% mu mubare wa cobalt - ishobora guhindura mu buryo bungana gukomera kw'inyongera no kudashira. Icyo dusabwa: abatanga serivisi bagomba gutanga ibyemezo bya substrate kuri buri gice, hamwe n'impinduka ntarengwa ya ± 0.2% mu mubare wa cobalt uhereye ku basanzwe bujuje ibisabwa.

Ingano ya 2: Uburyo bwo gusiga no kugenzura ubunini

Ku bijyanye no gukoresha titanium mu kirere, dukeneye irangi rya PVD TiAlN cyangwa TiSiXN rifite ubukana bwa HV 3.500 n'ubugari bwa mikorometero 2–4. Turasaba ibyemezo byo gukoresha irangi bigaragaza ubushyuhe bwo gushyiramo, urwego rw'isuku, imiterere y'irangi, n'ubugari bwa irangi bupimirwa ku bikoresho nyabyo bikorerwa - ntabwo ari ku ma coupons y'abatangabuhamya. Nanze ubucuruzi bw'abatanga irangi kuko ubugari bwa irangi bupimirwa ku bikoresho bikorerwa (dukoresheje fluorescence ya X-ray) bwari mikorometero 1.7, munsi y'ibipimo byacu bya mikorometero 2. Abatanga irangi badashobora cyangwa batazatanga amakuru y'ubugari bwa irangi ku bikoresho bikorerwa ni abatemerewe gukora.

Ingano ya 3: Ubwiza bw'itegurwa ry'inkombe n'uburyo zihoraho

Gutegura impande bipimwa hakoreshejwe mikorosikopi y'umukozi w'ibikoresho ku gipimo cya 50x hamwe na graticules zigenzuwe. Ibisobanuro byacu bisaba uburebure bw'inkombe butonze bwa mm 0.03–0.05 hamwe n'ubushobozi bwo kwihanganira ± 0.01 mm. Dupima uburebure bw'inkombe ku bice bitanu biva kuri buri gice - byose bitanu bigomba kuba biri mu buryo bwo kwihanganira. Dukeneye kandi inyandiko z'uburyo bwo gutegura impande: ibipimo by'imikorere yo kunoza, kumenya igikoresho, n'inyandiko z'impamyabushobozi y'umukoresha. Kubera ko gutegura imigozi ari yo soko ikunze gutera kutumvikana kwa lot-to-lot mu inserts za karubide, iki gipimo gifite uburemere bunini mu isuzuma ryacu.

Ingano ya 4: Inyandiko zijyanye n'uburyo ibintu bihinduka hagati y'ibice bibiri n'ibindi

Sisitemu zo gucunga ubuziranenge bw'ikirere (AS9100, NADCAP) zisaba ko ibikorwa bihamye bigaragara. Dusaba abatanga serivisi gutanga amakuru agenga igenzura ry'imikorere (SPC) agaragaza ingano z'ingenzi (shyiramo ubugari, ubunini, umurambararo w'umwobo, n'inguni y'aho bishyirwa) hamwe n'ibipimo by'ubushobozi bwa Cpk byibuze 1.33 ku bipimo by'ingenzi na 1.67 ku bipimo by'ingenzi cyane. Turasaba kandi imbonerahamwe zigaragaza nibura amakuru 25 akurikiranye, bigaragaza ko ibikorwa by'umutanga serivisi biri mu igenzura ry'ibarurishamibare.

Ingano ya 5: Ipaki y'inyandiko z'indege

Ku bijyanye n'ikoreshwa ry'indege, umutanga serivisi agomba gutanga paki ya PPAP (Production Part Approval Process) ijyanye n'ibisabwa na AIAG PPAP. ​​Ku rwego rwa 3 nibura, ibi birimo inyandiko z'igishushanyo mbonera, inyandiko z'impinduka mu buhanga, ibisubizo by'ibipimo, ibisubizo by'ibizamini by'ibikoresho/imikorere, imbonerahamwe y'imigendekere y'ibikorwa, PFMEA (Process Failure Mode and Effects Analysis), gahunda zo kugenzura ibikorwa, isesengura rya sisitemu yo gupima (Gage R&R studies), inyandiko zemewe za laboratwari, n'ibice by'ingero z'umusaruro. Abatanga serivisi benshi mpuzamahanga bavuga ko bafite ubushobozi bwo gukora indege ariko ntibashobora gutanga paki ya PPAP ijyanye n'amategeko. Twagiranye iki kiganiro - cyane - n'abatanga serivisi batatu batandukanye mbere yo kubona abasobanukiwe icyo kubahiriza AS9100 bisaba mu by'ukuri.

Ingano ya 6: Guca amakuru y'ibizamini mu gihe cy'ikirere nyacyo

Amakuru ya kataloge ntabwo ahagije. Turasaba abatanga serivisi gukora ibizamini byo gukata ku bikoresho nyabyo bya Ti-6Al-4V — atari ku migozi y’ibizamini bitandukanye — mu bihe bigaragara nk’aho dukorera: ubwoko bumwe bw’igikoresho cy’imashini (ahantu heza ho gucukura hagororotse hafite umurongo wa 5), ​​ingamba imwe yo gukonjesha (gukonjesha amazi mu buryo bwa spindle kuri dogere 150 PSI nibura), n’imiterere imwe y’ibikoresho (shyiramo intebe, uburyo bwo gufunga, n’ibipimo by’icyuma nk’uko tubishyiraho). Dushyiraho ibipimo byo kwemerwa kugira ngo igikoresho kibeho (iminota 40 mu gukata kenshi), kurangiza ubuso (Ra mikorometero 1.6 ntarengwa ku buso bugaragara), n’imiterere ya chip (nta nkombe yubatswe, nta tudomo tw’amenyo tw’inkangu bigaragaza ko inkombe yananiwe vuba).

Icyiciro cya 7: Ihindagurika ry'Imari n'Iterambere ry'Uruhererekane rw'Ibintu

Umucuruzi wawe utanga ibikoresho bya karuboni ugiye guhagarika ubucuruzi bwe hagati mu gihe cyo gukora ni ikibazo gikomeye cyane, aho amatsinda make ashinzwe gutanga amasoko akemura neza. Dukora igenzura ry’inguzanyo buri mwaka ku batanga ibikoresho bose b’ingenzi, tugakurikirana ibyasohotse mu nganda kugira ngo harebwe ibikorwa byo guhuza/gugura, kandi tugasuzuma ingaruka z’ubwinshi bw’ibikoresho bya titanium mu kirere. Ku bikoresho by’indege bya titanium, dufite nibura abatanga ibikoresho babiri bujuje ibisabwa kuri buri cyiciro. Kubera ko kwishingikiriza ku gice cy’ingenzi cy’indege bitera ibyago bidakwiye byo gutanga ibicuruzwa, politiki yacu yo gushakisha ibicuruzwa ibuza kugura carbide ikoreshwa mu buryo bwonyine hatabayeho uruhushya rugaragara rw’Ubwubatsi n’Ubuziranenge hamwe na gahunda yanditse yo kugabanya ibyago.

Isesengura ry'urwego rwa Carbide Insert: ISO S-Series vs. K-Series kuri Titanium

Ingero za karubide za ISO zikurikiza sisitemu yo gushyira mu byiciro inyuguti n'imibare igenwa na ISO 513. Inyuguti igaragaza agace gakoreshwamo: P ku cyuma, M ku cyuma kitagira umugese n'ibindi bitandukanye, K ku cyuma gishongeshejwe n'ibidakoresha feri, N ku bikoresho bidafite feri, S ku byuma binini na titaniyumu, na H ku bikoresho bikomeye. Kubera ko titaniyumu iri mu cyiciro cya porogaramu ya ISO SAmanota wagakwiye gusuzuma ni ay’uruhererekane rwa S gusa.

Ingano za ISO S-series ubusanzwe zirimo S01 (ifite ibara ryoroheje, idapfutse), S10 (ifite ibara ryoroheje, ipfutse CVD), na S20 kugeza kuri S40 (ifite ibara ry’ipamba rya PVD). Imiterere y’imibare ijyanye n’ubukomere n’ubudahangarwa bwo kwangirika - imibare mike igaragaza ubudahangarwa bwo kwangirika bwinshi ariko ubukomere buke; imibare myinshi igaragaza ubukomere bwinshi ku gukata kwaciwe no ku buryo butandukanye bwo gukata.

Ku bijyanye no gusya titaniyumu mu kirere ya Ti-6Al-4V, urwego rukunze kugaragazwa cyane ni S10 na S15, bitanga uburyo bwiza bwo kwirinda kwangirika (ni ngombwa ku rukuta rukomeye rwa titaniyumu) ​​no gukomera (ni ngombwa ku gukata kwangirika kugaragara mu bumenyi bw'ibice by'ikirere). Udupira twa S-grade twa PVD-TiAlN dutwikiriwe na PVD-TiAlN dufite aluminium-coating chemistry bigira akamaro cyane kuko aluminium iri mu rukuta irashira ku bushyuhe bwinshi kugira ngo ikore urwego rwa Al2O3 rurinda rukora nk'urukuta rw'ubushyuhe hagati ya chip na carbide substrate.

Ingano za ISO K-series (K01 kugeza K40) ntabwo zikwiriye titaniyumu kubera impamvu eshatu. Iya mbere, ingano ya cobalt binder ubusanzwe iba iri hejuru (10-15%) kurusha S-grades, bigatuma substrate yoroshye ishobora kwangirika cyane bitewe n'umuvuduko mwinshi wa titaniyumu (akenshi irenga 1.000 N/mm² mu kurangiza kwa 5-axis). Iya kabiri, imiti ikoreshwa muri K-series (akenshi ishingiye kuri CrN cyangwa TiN) ntigira ubushyuhe buhagije bwa TiAlN ku bushyuhe buturuka mu gutunganya titaniyumu. Iya gatatu, imiterere y'ibinyampeke bya karubide za K-grade ikoreshwa neza mu buryo bwo kwambara bushingiye kuri silica mu cyuma gishongeshejwe - bitandukanye rwose n'uburyo bwo kwambara bwa titaniyumu n'uburyo bwo kwambara.

Mu gihe usuzuma amanota ya karuboni atangwa n’abatanga serivisi mpuzamahanga ku bijyanye n’akazi ka titaniyumu mu kirere, reba neza uburyo ISO S-series ishyirwa mu byiciro, ibisobanuro bya coating (TiAlN cyangwa TiSiXN PVD, nibura mikorometero 2 z’ubugari), n’ingano y’ingano (sub-micron kugeza kuri mikorometero 1.0 ntarengwa). Umutanga serivisi wese usubiza ubusabe bwo gusaba titaniyumu mu kirere hamwe n’amanota ya K-series cyangwa P-series ntabwo asobanukiwe neza ubusabe bwawe - komeza.

Uburyo bwo guhindura ibikoresho bya karubine mu kirere hakoreshejwe OEM/ODM

Amaduka menshi y’imashini zo mu kirere ntabwo azi ko imiterere isanzwe y’imashini n’ingano bagura bitari muri kataloge bidakozwe neza hakurikijwe uburyo bwabo bwihariye bwo gukoresha mu kirere. Imiterere y’imbere y’icyuma gikozwe mu kirere, uburebure bw’umufuka, uburyo bwo gufunga, ndetse n’uburyo intebe ishyirwamo ihagaze neza byose bigira ingaruka ku mikorere mu buryo ibisobanuro bya kataloge bidashobora gufata. Kubera ko ibice by'indege akenshi bifite imiterere y'ijimetero igoye ifite inkuta nto, imifuka miremire, n'imiterere itandukanye y'ubujyakuzimu bw'ibice, uburyo bwo "gushyiramo ibintu bisanzwe bitari ngombwa" akenshi butuma habaho umusaruro ugaragara.

Uburyo bwo guhindura ibikoresho bya karubine mu kirere busanzwe bukurikira intambwe y’icyiciro cya gatanu. Icyiciro cya mbere ni isesengura ry’ikoreshwa: itsinda ry’abahanga mu by’ikoreshwa ry’umutanga risuzuma imiterere y’ibice byihariye, imiterere y’ibikoresho (Ti-6Al-4V ifite imiterere itandukanye na titaniyumu cyangwa izindi alloys), imiterere y’ibikoresho by’imashini, n’ingano y’umusaruro. Icyiciro cya kabiri ni igishushanyo mbonera: umutanga atanga imiterere y’ishyirwa ry’ibikoresho byihariye (imiterere y’imashini zica uduce, inguni z’ifatizo, inguni z’ifatizo), akenshi hamwe n’isesengura ry’ibintu bito (FEA) ry’imbaraga zo gukata no guhindagurika kw’ibikoresho. Icyiciro cya gatatu ni ugukora prototype: umutanga akora ingano nto (ubusanzwe 10-50) zo gukata mbere. Icyiciro cya kane ni ukwemeza: iduka ry’imashini zo mu kirere rikora igerageza ry’ubushobozi bwo gukora mu buryo busanzwe, gupima ubuzima bw’ibikoresho, kurangiza neza kw’ubuso, no kumenya neza imiterere y’ibipimo hakurikijwe ibisabwa. Icyiciro cya gatanu ni ukurekura umusaruro: iyo byemejwe neza, umutanga atanga imiterere y’ishyirwa ry’ibikoresho byihariye ku ngano y’umusaruro akoresheje uburyo bwanditse bwo kugenzura imikorere.

Igihe gisanzwe cyo guhindura imiterere y’ibikoresho bya karubine byo mu kirere ni amezi 4-8 kuva ku bipimo bya mbere kugeza igihe cyo kubitunganya. Ishoramari risabwa n’iduka ry’imashini zo mu kirere rikubiyemo igihe cy’ubuhanga mu guteza imbere ibipimo, ikiguzi cy’ibikoresho byo gushyiramo ibikoresho (ubusanzwe ni $500–2,000 bitewe n’ubugoranye), n’igihe cyo gukora ibikoresho by’imashini. Kuri gahunda zo mu kirere zikoresha titanium nyinshi (ikoreshwa ry’ibikoresho birenga 1,000 buri mwaka), kugabanya ikiguzi cyo gushyiramo ibintu bivuye mu gutunganya ibintu bikunze gutanga inyungu mu mwaka wa mbere w’ikorwa.

Ku maduka y’indege yo muri Amerika y’Amajyaruguru, ikintu cy’ingenzi mu guhindura OEM/ODM ni ukuba hafi y’abatanga serivisi no kubasha gutumanaho. Nkunda cyane abatanga serivisi bashobora gushyigikira ubufatanye mu by’ubwubatsi mu gihe nyacyo binyuze mu biganiro bya videwo kandi bagatanga uburyo bwo kuvugana n’abashinzwe ikoranabuhanga aho gutanga abahagarariye ubucuruzi rusange. Kubera ko uruhererekane rw'isubiramo mu iterambere ry'ibyinjizwa byihariye rushobora gusaba ingero 3-5 z'icyitegererezo mbere yo kwemeza umusaruro, gutinda k'itumanaho n'itandukaniro ry'igihe hagati y'ibikorwa bigira ingaruka ku buryo butaziguye ku gihe cy'umushinga n'ikiguzi cyawo.

Ingamba zo Kuganira ku Giciro ku Bikoresho bya Karuboni Bitunganye

Ibyuma bya karubide by’umwimerere mu kazi ka titanium mu kirere si ukugura ibicuruzwa - uburyo bwo kuganira ku biciro bukwiye kubigaragaza. Nabonye amakipe ashinzwe gutanga amasoko afata ibyuma bya karubide nk'ibifunga byinshi cyangwa ibikoresho byo mu bwoko bwa abrasives, bigatuma igiciro cyo hasi cyane binyuze mu gupiganwa mu ipiganwa. Ubu buryo buhora butera ingaruka mbi mu ikoreshwa ry'indege, kuko ikiguzi nyacyo cy'umwanzuro mubi w'umutangabuguzi mu gukoresha imashini neza gipimwa mu gihe imashini idakora, ikiguzi cyo gusubiramo imirimo, n'ingaruka zishobora kubaho ku bwiza bw'umukiriya - ntabwo ari itandukaniro riri hagati y'ibiciro by'ipiganwa.

Nubwo bimeze bityo, hari uburyo bwemewe bwo kuganira n’abacuruza imashini zo mu kirere. Amasezerano y’umwaka yo gutanga ingano y’ibintu hamwe n’igihembwe giteganyijwe ni bwo buryo bwiza bwo kugabanya ibiciro. Twiyemeje gushyiraho ingano y’ibintu buri mwaka (ubusanzwe ifite ± 15% by’uburyo bworoshye bwo guhindura ibintu), tukishyura ku gihe, kandi mu gihe cy’amasezerano, tugahuza igiciro hagati ya 12–18% mu gihe cy’amasezerano. Ibi biturinda ihindagurika ry’ibiciro by’ibikoresho fatizo bya karuboni mu gihe biha umutanga serivisi ubushobozi bwo kumenya icyo akeneye mu igenamigambi ry’umusaruro.

Igiciro gishingiye ku musaruro ni ikintu kidakoreshwa neza mu kugura ibikoresho bya karuboni. Aho kwishyura igiciro gihoraho kuri buri kimwe, dushyiraho amasezerano afite igiciro fatizo n'ubwishingizi bw'imikorere. Ibikoresho bimara igihe kiri hejuru y'igihe cy'ibanze (bipimwe ukurikije amakuru y'umusaruro wacu mu gihe cy'amezi 3) bihabwa igabanyirizwa. Ibikoresho bihora bikora nabi bitera kugabanuka kw'ibiciro cyangwa ibisabwa ku mucuruzi kongera ibisabwa. Ubu buryo buhuza inyungu z'abatanga ibikoresho n'ubukungu bwacu bw'inganda.

Impamyabumenyi y’ibikoresho bibiri ni yo isanzwe ikoreshwa mu byiciro byacu by’ingenzi bya titanium. Dushora igihe mu buhanga mu gutanga serivisi ebyiri zemewe kuri buri cyiciro, hanyuma tugabanya ingano ya 70/30 hagati y’abatanga serivisi ba mbere n’aba kabiri. Ibi bitera igitutu ku biciro mu gihe dukomeza kwihanganira imiyoboro y’ibikoresho. Igiciro cy’impamyabumenyi y’ibikoresho bibiri (hafi $8.000–15.000 kuri buri cyiciro ku mwaka mu igeragezwa n’igihe cy’ubuhanga) ni gito ugereranyije n’ubwishingizi bw’imikorere y’ubucuruzi butanga.

Ku maduka y’indege akorana n’abatanga serivisi mpuzamahanga, gukoresha neza igihe cyo kwishyura ni ikindi kintu gikenewe. Amategeko asanzwe yo kwishyura mpuzamahanga (Ibaruwa y’inguzanyo cyangwa kohereza amafaranga mbere y’igihe) atera igitutu cy’amafaranga yo gukoresha mu gihe cy’iminsi 30. Tuganira ku masezerano yo kwishyura mu minsi 30 n’abatanga serivisi bagaragaza imikorere myiza mu gihe cy’amezi 6, kandi mu buryo bwo kwishyura, dutanga kugabanyirizwa amafaranga mbere y’igihe cyangwa kugabanyirizwa amafaranga menshi bigirira akamaro impande zombi.

Imfashanyigisho ku nganda zo gukoresha ibikoresho bya karubine mu kirere

Nubwo derekmal.com idashobora kuboneka mu kugenzura ibicuruzwa byayo mu buryo butaziguye, inganda nini zikora ibikoresho bya karubine mu kirere zanditse neza binyuze mu nyandiko zikoreshwa mu buhanga n'amashyirahamwe y'ubucuruzi. Izi nyandiko zikurikira zitanga ubuyobozi buhamye bwo gutanga serivisi zo gukoresha karubine mu gutunganya ibikoresho by'indege.

Amashyirahamwe y'ingenzi agenga ibipimo ngenderwaho

Inganda zikora ibikoresho bya karubine mu kirere zikora hakurikijwe amahame menshi y’ingenzi. ISO (Umuryango Mpuzamahanga Ushinzwe Ubuziranenge) itangaza amahame ngenderwaho yerekeye amanota yo gushyiramo karuboni n'amabwiriza yo gupima. ASME (Ishyirahamwe ry'Abanyamerika ry'Abahanga mu by'Ubwubatsi bw'Imashini) itanga ibipimo ngenderwaho by'ibikoresho n'ibipimo bikoreshwa mu gukora indege. Ku bijyanye no kugura indege mu Burayi, ESA (Ikigo cy’Ibintu by’Iburayi gishinzwe Iby’Ijuru) Ibisobanuro bitanga izindi gahunda z'inyongera.

Amashyirahamwe y'ubucuruzi mu nganda

Isosiyete y’Abahanga mu by’Inganda (SMEs) isohora inyandiko za tekiniki n'amabwiriza agenga ikorwa ry'ibikoresho bijyanye no gusya titaniyumu mu kirere. AMAM (Abajyanama b'Abahanga mu by'Ubumenyi bw'Imashini b'Abanyamerika) itanga ubuyobozi bufatika mu mikorere y'imashini. Ku bijyanye no gucunga uruhererekane rw'ibicuruzwa mu gukoresha ibikoresho neza, CIPS (Ikigo Gishinzwe Gutanga Amasoko n'Ibicuruzwa) itanga uburyo bwo gutanga amasoko bujyanye n'ibyo umuntu akeneye.

Ubuhanga mu Isoko ry'Ibikoresho bya Carbide

Ikinyamakuru cy'Ibintu by'Ibyuma ikubiyemo uko isoko ry’ibikoresho bya karuboni rihagaze neza mu gukora no gukoresha karuboni. Gusiga amavuta mu mashini itanga ubuyobozi bwa tekiniki ku kugabanya amazi n'imicungire y'ibyangiritse mu mikorere yo gutunganya karubide. Isesengura ry'Ubuziranenge isohora ibipimo by'ubuziranenge n'ibikubiye mu kugenzura ubuziranenge bijyanye n'ibipimo by'ibikoresho bya karubine mu kirere.

Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa

Q: Kuki imashini zisya titanium zangiza vuba cyane imashini zikoresha karubide?

Uruvange rwihariye rwa Titanium rw’ubushyuhe buke (hafi 1/6 cy’icyuma), uburyo bwinshi bwo gukora ibintu hamwe na karubide ku bushyuhe bwinshi, hamwe n’uburyo buke bwo guhindagurika bitera gucika vuba k’igikoresho. Ku bushyuhe bwinshi buturuka mu gihe cyo gukora ibintu (akenshi burenga 800°C ku gice cy’igikoresho cya chip), titanium ifatana na cobalt binder mu bice bisanzwe bya karubide, bigatuma uruhu rwo ku ruhande rusaza no gutandukana kw’imvange mu minota mike. Uburyo busanzwe bwo gukora ibintu mu bushyuhe bwa karubide busobanura kandi ko ubushyuhe bwibanda ku nkombe aho kwihisha mu nkombe - bitandukanye no gukora ibintu mu byuma aho ubushyuhe buva cyane hamwe na karubide. Ubu bushyuhe butuma ahantu horoshye ku nkombe y’inyongera hihutishwa kwangirika. Kubera ko uburyo bwo gukora imiti hagati ya titaniyumu na karubide cobalt butuma ubushyuhe bwiyongera cyane hejuru ya 600°C, itandukaniro riri hagati y’icyuma gipfutse neza cya S-grade n’icyuma kidapfutse cyangwa cya K-grade gishobora kuba itandukaniro riri hagati y’iminota 65 y’igihe cy’igikoresho n’iminota 8.

Q: Ni irihe tandukaniro riri hagati ya ISO S-series na ISO K-series carbide grades kuri titanium?

Ingano za ISO S-series zagenewe by'umwihariko superalloys harimo titanium, irimo substrates nziza za karubide hamwe na aluminiyumu oxyde (Al2O3) cyangwa titanium aluminum nitride (TiAlN) PVD coatings. Ikintu cy'ingenzi gitandukanya imikorere ni ugukomeza ubushyuhe: Ingano za S-grade zigumana ubushyuhe bwazo hejuru ya 900°C, ari na cyo gihe cy'ubushyuhe ku kigero cya chip-tool mu micungire ya titanium. Ingano za ISO K-series zigenewe ibyuma bishongeshejwe n'ibikoresho bitari ferrous - ingano zazo (ubusanzwe CrN cyangwa TiN-based) zagenewe kurwanya ubusakare bwinshi bwa silika-based abrasives ziboneka mu byuma bishongeshejwe, ntabwo ari uburyo bwo gufatana no kwangirika muri titanium. Ingano za K-grade zangirika vuba hejuru ya 600°C, ibyo bikaba byoroshye kurenza mu micungire ya titanium. Ingano ya substrate cobalt nayo ikunze kuba hejuru ya 3-4% muri K-grades, bigatuma ubukomere bwiza bwo gukata icyuma gishongeshejwe bugabanuka ariko ubukomere buke mu mikoreshereze ya titanium.

Q: Ni ibihe bipimo 7 by'igenzura ry'ibanze mu gusuzuma utanga imashini ishyiramo karuboni ku kazi k'indege?

Ibipimo birindwi ni ibipimo byuzuye by’impamyabushobozi ku mutanga bikubiyemo uruhererekane rw’agaciro kose: (1) icyemezo cy’ibikoresho bya substrate n’ingano y’ingano (byanditswe kugeza kuri ± 0.2% by’ubworoherane bwa cobalt), (2) kugenzura inzira yo gutwikira (PVD TiAlN, ubugari bwa mikorometero 2–4 ku bikoresho bishyirwamo, ntabwo ari amakaponi y’ubuhamya), (3) kugenzura ubuziranenge bw’itegurwa ry’inkombe (radius ihanitse 0.03–0.05mm ± 0.01mm, ipimwa kuri buri gice), (4) kugenzura ikoreshwa ry’ibarurishamibare (Cpk nibura 1.33 ku bipimo by’ingenzi, 1.67 ku bipimo by’ingenzi cyane), (5) ipaki y’inyandiko za PPAP mu kirere hakurikijwe ibisabwa na AIAG ku rwego rwa 3 nibura, (6) kwemeza ikizamini cyo guca munsi y’imiterere nyayo y’ikirere ku bikoresho bya Ti-6Al-4V, na (7) isuzuma ry’ihindagurika ry’imari hamwe n’impamyabushobozi y’inyuma y’ibikoresho bibiri kugira ngo hirindwe ihungabana ry’uruhererekane rw’ibikoresho.

Q: Ni irihe tandukaniro risanzwe hagati y’ibikoresho bikoresha ingengo y’imari n’ibikoreshwa mu gutunganya ibyuma bya titanium mu kirere?

Ibyuma byo mu rwego rwa S bifite irangi rya PVD TiAlN rikomoka ku bigo by’ibikoresho by’indege bizwi (Kennametal, Sandvik, Iscar, Seco) bikunze kugera ku minota 40-80 yo gukata bidatinze mu bice by’indege bya Ti-6Al-4V ku bipimo by’ibara byagenwe (umuvuduko wa 60-90 m/min, gutanga 0.1-0.2 mm/rev, ubujyakuzimu bwa 0.5-2.0 mm). Ibyuma byo mu rwego rwa mbere bifite irangi rya TiN cyangwa nta rindi rinini bikunze kunanirwa mu minota 8-15, ahanini bitewe no gucika no kuvunika aho kwangirika buhoro buhoro. Iyo ikiguzi cyose cy’umutungo kibazwe - harimo guhindura ibikoresho (iminota 15-30 imashini imaze gukora), kwangirika kw’ibikoresho bishobora gukorwa (USD $2,000–10,000 kuri buri gice cyangiritse), n’ibikoresho byo mu rwego rwa workpiece byakuweho - irangi rya premium ritanga igiciro cya 40-60% ku giciro cyose cyakozwe ku gice cyemewe cyakozwe. Isesengura ry’amafaranga akoreshwa mu gupima ubwishyu rirasobanutse neza: niba igiciro cy’isaha ya mudasobwa yawe kirenze USD $150 ku isaha, ikintu icyo ari cyo cyose gitwara amafaranga arenze inshuro ebyiri z’ingengo y’imari ariko kikamara igihe kirenze inshuro ebyiri z’igihe gisanzwe, bitanga ubwizigame.

Q: Ni gute amaduka y’imashini zo mu kirere agomba kumvikana ku biciro n’abatanga serivisi zo gushyiramo karuboni zikozwe neza?

Imiterere myiza y'ibiganiro ihuza ubwishingizi bw'ingano kugira ngo ibiciro bibe bihamye n'ibitera imbaraga mu mikorere kugira ngo habeho guhuza ubuziranenge. Amasezerano y'umwaka y'ingano hamwe n'ibipimo bya buri gihembwe biteganyijwe byo gusohora no gufunga ibiciro hagati ya 12-18% birinda ihindagurika ry'ibiciro by'ibicuruzwa kandi bigaha umucuruzi isura nziza. Impamyabushobozi y'isoko ebyiri itera ikibazo cyo guhangana ariko ntigire icyo igabanya umutekano w'ibicuruzwa. Ibipimo byo kwishyura bifitanye isano n'imikorere (igiciro fatizo hamwe n'ubwishyu bw'inyongera/igabanyirizwa rishingiye ku makuru y'igihe cy'ibikoresho byapimwe) bihuza inkunga. Ku bacuruza mpuzamahanga, amasezerano yo kwishyura y'iminsi 30 hamwe n'ingamba zanditse z'imikorere myiza bituma habaho inshingano ku ruhande rumwe. Irinde gupiganwa kw'igiciro kimwe nk'uburyo bw'ibanze bwo guhitamo - ingaruka zose z'ikiguzi cy'umutungo n'ingaruka z'uruhererekane rw'ibicuruzwa ziruta kure itandukaniro ry'ibiciro by'igice kimwe.