Kugura ibikoresho bya Micro-Bore mu cyiciro cya mbere cy'imodoka mu Burayi: Kwihanganira imiyoboro ya moteri no gushyiramo amanota
TL; DR:Abatanga imodoka bo mu Burayi bo mu cyiciro cya mbere — amasosiyete afunga moteri, imitwe ya silindiri, n'ibice bya transmission kuri OEMs harimo Volkswagen, BMW, Mercedes-Benz, Stellantis, na Renault — agaragaza micro-Ibikoresho Birambirana Ku bijyanye no kurangiza imashini ya silinda hamwe n’uburyo bwo kwihanganira ibintu benshi bakora ibikoresho bitobora badashobora guhura nabyo buri gihe. Ubushobozi bwa nyuma bwo kwihanganira imashini ya silinda bwa ± 0.006 mm (ISO tolerance grade IT6 kuri diameter ya 75-80 mm bore) busaba sisitemu y’ibikoresho bitobora ishobora guhindurwa mu nyongera za 0.01 mm cyangwa munsi yayo, igafata ubwo buryo mu bihumbi by’ingendo, kandi igatanga umusozo w’imashini (Ra 0.4-0.8 µm ku bijyanye n’imiterere y’imashini) nk’uko imikorere ya moteri yo gufunga impeta ya piston n’ikoreshwa ry’amavuta ishingira. Ku bahanga mu gutanga amasoko bo mu cyiciro cya 1 bagena ibikoresho bitobora byo gukora imashini zipima moteri 200.000 ku mwaka, icyemezo cy’igikoresho cya silinda kigira ingaruka ku mikorere y’ibikoresho rusange (OEE), ikiguzi cy’igikoresho kuri buri gice (ubusanzwe € 0.15-€ 0.50 kuri buri mashini), n’igipimo cyo kuvugurura imashini zitobora zitari kwihanganira. Iyi ngingo ikubiyemo uburyo bwo guhitamo ibikoresho bya moteri (icyuma gikozwe mu cyuma kivanze na aluminiyumu), sisitemu y'imitwe ito ishobora guhindurwa, ibisabwa mu gufata ibikoresho no kugenzura iherezo ryabyo, hamwe n'isesengura ry'ikiguzi cy'ubuzima bw'abahanga mu gutanga amasoko bo mu cyiciro cya mbere bakoresha mu gusuzuma abatanga ibikoresho byo gusimbuza bo mu Bushinwa.
Uburyo bwo Gutunganya Imodoka: Impamvu Ibikoresho bya Micro-Bore ari ingenzi mu kurangiza imbobo ya Silinda
Imbobo ya silindiri muri moteri ikoresha umuriro w'imbere - cyangwa mu gice cy'imodoka ikoresha amashanyarazi ikura, imbobo ya silindiri ya feri n'imbobo ifite moteri y'amashanyarazi - ni byo bihanganirwa cyane muri powertrain. Impeta ya piston ifunga ubuso bw'imbobo, n'ubuzenguruko bw'imbobo (ubusanzwe 0.004-0.008 mm kuri moteri y'imodoka itwara abagenzi), irangi ry'imbobo (0.4-0.8 µm Ra ku irangi rya plateau-honed), n'uburemere bw'umurambararo w'imbobo (± 0.006 mm) byose bigenwa n'imikorere ya nyuma yo gusimbuka. Igikoresho gisimbuka gitanga imbobo ya 0.010 mm irenze urugero - irenga urugero rwa 0.004 mm ugereranyije n'uburemere bwa IT6 - gitera inenge ku murongo w'umusaruro: impeta ya piston ntishobora gufunga neza, ikoreshwa ry'amavuta ryiyongeraho 50-300% muri silindiri yangiritse, kandi moteri inanirwa ikizamini cyo kuvamo kw'impera z'umurongo wa OEM.
Igisabwa cyihariye cy'igikoresho cya micro-bore ni ubushobozi bwo guhindurwa - hagati y'amatsinda cyangwa igihe icyinjizwa cyasaze - mu ntera nto ugereranyije n'ubushobozi bw'ibice. Niba ubushobozi bw'imashini ya bore ari ± 0.006 mm (umugozi wose w'ubudahangarwa wa 0.012 mm), ubushobozi bwo gukosora bw'igikoresho cya bore bugomba kuba 0.002 mm cyangwa birenga kugira ngo umukoresha ashyire ingano y'imashini mu mugozi w'ubudahangarwa kandi atunganye ubudahangarwa bw'igikoresho. Umutwe wa micro-adjustable bore ufite vernier-scale cyangwa micrometer-screw utanga 0.001-0.005 mm kuri buri cyiciro - bihagije ku modoka yo mu cyiciro cya 1.
Ku batanga imodoka bo mu cyiciro cya mbere mu Burayi, uruhererekane rw’ibikoresho bito bito rwagizwe ahanini n’inganda zo mu Budage n’iz’Abataliyani (MAPAL, KOMET, Seco/Walter, Kennametal). Igiciro cy’umutwe umwe uto ...
Guhitamo Icyiciro: CBN, PCD, na Ceramic ku bikoresho bitandukanye bya Block (Icyuma gikozwe mu cyuma ugereranije na Aluminiyumu)
Ingano y'ibikoresho byo gukata - ibikoresho byo gukata bikorana n'ibikoresho byo gukora - bigomba guhuzwa n'ibikoresho byo gukata imodoka. Ibikoresho bibiri by'ingenzi bya moteri mu ikorwa ry'imodoka mu Burayi ni icyuma cy'umukara (GJL-250 cyangwa GJL-300, gikoreshwa na BMW, Mercedes-Benz, na Volkswagen kuri moteri zabo za mazutu na lisansi zikoresha turbocharged) hamwe n'icyuma cya aluminiyumu-silicon (A356 cyangwa AISI9Cu3, gikoreshwa n'ibigo byinshi by'ubucuruzi byo mu Burayi kuri moteri za lisansi zigurishwa ku isoko ndetse na Audi kuri moteri zabo zose harimo na za EA888 na EA855 EVO).
CBN (Cubic Boron Nitride) yo gukoresha icyuma cy'umukara: CBN ni yo ikoreshwa cyane mu gutunganya icyuma cy'umukara ku muvuduko urenze metero 600/umunota. Ubukana bwa CBN (4.500-5.000 HV) ni ubwa kabiri nyuma ya diyama, kandi ubuziranenge bwayo mu bushyuhe bwinshi (kugeza kuri dogere selisiyusi 1.200) butuma ikwirakwira mu gutobora icyuma cy'umukara ku muvuduko mwinshi aho ubushyuhe bwo gutobora ku gice cyo hagati cy'icyuma n'ikindi bugera kuri dogere selisiyusi 800-1.000. Ubuzima bw'ingirakamaro bwa CBN mu gutobora icyuma cy'umukara ni hagati ya 30.000-80.000 kuri buri ruhande (bitewe n'ingano ya CBN y'icyuma - ingano ya CBN nyinshi itanga ubuzima burebure ariko igiciro kiri hejuru kuri buri gice). Irangi ryakozwe n'icyuma cy'umukara mu cyuma ni Ra 0.3-0.6 µm, bitanga imiterere ikwiye yo gutangira gutobora plateau mu gikorwa cyo gutobora gikurikiraho.
PCD (Polycrystalline Diamond) yo gukoresha aluminiyumu na silikoni: PCD ni ibikoresho bisanzwe byo gushyiramo ibikoresho bya aluminiyumu-silicone ku muvuduko wo gukata mwinshi (800-2.000 m/min). Ubukana bwa PCD (6.000-8.000 HV) n'ubushyuhe bwayo (500-600 W/mK — inshuro 2-3 z'ibya CBN) bivuze ko ubushyuhe buturuka mu gace ko gukata bujyanwa mu gice cyo gukata hanyuma bugashira vuba, bigatuma icyuma cyo gukora cya aluminiyumu kitagera ku bushyuhe bwacyo bwo gushonga no gukora impande zubatse ku gice cyo gukata. Ubuzima bw'ingirakamaro bwa PCD mu gukata aluminiyumu ni hagati ya 80.000-150.000 bores kuri buri gice cyo gukata — ubuzima burebure cyane kurusha ibikoresho byose byo gukata mu ikoreshwa rya moteri y'imodoka. Irangi rya PCD rikorwa na PCD insert muri aluminiyumu-silicon ni Ra 0.2-0.5 µm.
Irangi (Al₂O₃/SiC whisker-reinforced) ku bikoresho bishyushya cyane: Ibyuma bya Ceramic bikoreshwa mu gutobora moteri bikozwe mu cyuma cya grafiti gikonje (CGI, Grade 450 cyangwa Grade 500), ibyo bikaba bikunze kugaragazwa n'ibigo by'ubucuruzi by'i Burayi ku birebana na moteri za mazutu zikora cyane (zirengeje HP 100 kuri litiro imwe). CGI irakomeye kurusha icyuma cya grey cast kuko grafiti muri CGI iboneka nk'udupira twa vermicular duhujwe (ugereranije na grafiti ya grey flake itoroshye mu cyuma cya grey cast) - grafiti ya vermicular ikora uburyo bwo kwangirika bugabanya ubuzima bwo gutobora bwa CBN ku kigero cya 50-70%. Ibyuma bya Ceramic bifite SiC whisker reinforcement (Al₂O₃ + 20-30% SiC whiskers) bitanga ubuzima bw'ibikoresho bya CBN inshuro 2-3 mu gutobora kwa CGI, ku giciro gito cya 40-60% kuri buri ruhande. Imisozo y'ubuso bw'ibyuma bya Ceramic ni Ra 0.5-1.0 µm, bisaba uruziga rurerure rwo gutobora kugira ngo ugere ku iherezo rya nyuma.
Ibicuruzwa bya Derekmall bitanga ibiciro bitatu byose, hamwe na CBN na Ibikoresho bya PCD ikomoka ku nganda zemewe zo mu Burayi no mu Bushinwa zikora ibikoresho bya CBN/PCD.ibikoresho birambirana irimo imitwe igoramye ijyanye n'ibikoresho byose uko ari bitatu, hamwe n'urwego rw'ibikoresho byashyizweho igihe cyo gutumiza.
Sisitemu zo Guhindura Imitwe Ito Ishobora Guhinduka: Uburyo Impinduka za 0.01mm zigira ingaruka ku miterere y'imibumbe
Umutwe uto utoroshye guhindura ni wo shingiro rya sisitemu itoroshye guhindura - ufata igice cyo hejuru kandi ugatanga uburyo bwo guhindura aho radial y'igice cyo hejuru iherereye kugira ngo ugenzure umurambararo wacyo. Hari uburyo bubiri bwo guhindura buboneka ku isoko, kandi guhitamo hagati yabwo bigira ingaruka ku giciro cya mbere cy'umutwe utoroshye, ubunyangamugayo bwawo bw'igihe kirekire, ndetse n'ubushobozi bw'umukoresha bwo gukora impinduka nziza ku murongo w'umusaruro.
Guhindura micrometer-screw (uburyo busanzwe bwo gukoresha imodoka): Umutwe urimo vis ya mikorometero - umugozi ukozwe mu buryo busobanutse neza ufite umuvuduko wa mm 0.5 - wimura icyuma gifata vis mu buryo burambuye uko vis izunguruka. Umutwe wa vis ugizwe n'ibice 50 (mm 0.01 kuri buri gice) cyangwa ibice 100 (mm 0.005 kuri buri gice). Umukoresha azunguza vis ku mubare usabwa w'ibice - kuzunguruka kumwe (ibice 50) kwimura vis ku gice 0.5 kuri buri gice, agahindura umurambararo wa vis kuri mm 1.0 (mm 0.5 kuri buri ruhande × impande 2 = impinduka ya mm 1.0). Sisitemu ya mikorometero-vis ni yizewe, ihendutse ($150-$300 kuri buri mutwe uzunguruka), kandi ihinduka rishobora gusubirwamo kugeza kuri mm ± 0.002 - bihagije kugira ngo bore ya IT6 ishobore kwihanganira.
Guhindura Vernier-scale (ku mitwe itoroshye cyane isaba ubushobozi bwo gukora sub-micron): Umutwe utonyanga ufite igipimo cya vernier - igipimo cya kabiri kiri iruhande rw'igipimo cy'ingenzi - cyemerera umukozi gusoma ihinduka rya mm 0.002. Sisitemu ya vernier itanga ubushobozi bwo guhindura neza kurusha screw ya micrometer (mm 0.002 vs mm 0.005-0.010) ariko irahenze cyane ($400-$800 kuri buri mutwe utonyanga) kandi isaba amahugurwa menshi y'umukoresha kugira ngo asome neza igipimo cya vernier. Ihinduka rya Vernier ryagenwe ku mirongo ya mbere y'umusaruro ifunga moteri y'imashini kugira ngo ikoreshwe mu buryo bwo hejuru cyangwa mu gusiganwa, aho ubushobozi bwo kwihanganira ihinduka ari ± 0.004 mm (IT5) kandi ibisabwa ku ihinduka ni mm 0.001.
Ibikoresho by'umubiri w'umutwe urambaraye — icyuma gikomeye (HRC 58-62) cyo gukoreshwa mu gutunganya — bigena ubukomere bw'umutwe n'uburyo udashobora kwangirika mu buryo bwo kuwutunganya. Umutwe urambaraye ukozwe mu cyuma gikonjeshejwe cyangwa gikozwe muri nitride (ibipimo bya Derekmall) ukomeza uburyo bwo kuwutunganya mu buryo burenze 100.000, mu gihe umubiri utarakomeraye (ukoreshwa mu mitwe irambaraye) ugaragaza kwangirika ku ruziga rwo gutunganya nyuma y'ingendo 20.000-30.000, bigatuma umurambararo warambaraye ugenda uko umugozi wa ruziga ugenda ushira. Kugenda kwa ruziga rwa ruziga rwa ruziga ni ikibazo gikunze kugaragara ku mitwe irambaraye — umukozi ashyiraho uruziga ku ntebe, ariko nyuma y'ibice 20-30, umurambararo wahindutseho 0.005-0.010 mm uko ruziga rwo gutunganya ruhagaze mu ruziga rwambaye.
Gufata ibikoresho no kugenzura uko amazi asohoka: Ibikoresho bya HSK, Capto, na Shrink-Fit kuri High-Speed Honing Lines
Umutwe utonyanga uba mwiza kimwe n'igikoresho giwuhuza n'icyuma gifunga imashini. Urujyano - kunyura mu murongo w'umutwe utonyanga uva ku murongo w'icyuma gifunga - kwiyongera bitewe n'uburebure bw'umurongo utonyanga kandi byongerwa ku ikosa ry'uruziga rw'icyuma. Urujyano rwa mm 0.003 kuri spindle taper rutanga ikosa ry'uruziga rw'icyuma rya mm 0.006-0.010 (bitewe n'uburebure bw'umurongo utonyanga n'ubukomere), bitwara 50-100% by'ingengo y'imari yose yo kwihanganira urujyano.
Ibikoresho bya HSK (Hollow Shank Taper): Ibipimo ngenderwaho by’inganda z’imodoka zo mu Burayi ku bigo bikoresha imashini zihuta cyane (HSK-A63 cyangwa HSK-A100, bitewe n’ingano y’imashini). Igishushanyo mbonera cya HSK gitanga ahantu hamwe n’aho igikoresho giherereye mu imashini, hamwe n’ikigereranyo cya 1:10 cya taper gituma imbaraga zo gufunga zihagarara neza ku ruhande rw’imashini. Ibikoresho bya HSK bikomoka kuri Derekmall bikorwa hakurikijwe DIN 69893-1 kandi bihuye n’ibikoresho byose bisanzwe bya HSK. Uburyo bwo gufunga igikoresho cya HSK ku ruhande rw’imashini buguma munsi ya mm 0.003 (bupimwe ku imashini ikoresha imashini mu gihe yicaye).
Capto (Coromant Capto) abafite ibikoresho: Sisitemu yo gufata ibikoresho byihuse yakozwe na Sandvik Coromant, igenda isobanurwa n'imirongo y'imashini z'imodoka zo mu Burayi kubera ubushobozi bwayo bwo guhindura ibikoresho byihuse (igikoresho gishobora guhindurwa mu masegonda 10-15 nta gukuraho igikoresho mu cyuma gifata ibikoresho). Ibikoresho bya Capto (C3, C4, C5, cyangwa C6, bitewe n'ubushobozi bwa spindle) bitanga uburebure buri munsi ya mm 0.002 kandi biboneka mu bwoko bwa Derekmall butuma ibintu bitorohera.
Ibikoresho bito bito bikwiranye n'udupira: Umutwe utonyanga (ufite icyuma gifata uruziga) ushyirwa mu mwobo w'icyuma gifata icyuma, ushyushywa (induction cyangwa ifuru, 250-350°C) kugira ngo wongere umurambararo w'icyuma kuri mm 0.02-0.05, hanyuma icyuma gifata icyuma gifata icyuma gifata icyuma. Iyo icyuma gikonje, icyuma gifata icyuma gifata icyuma gikoresheje imbaraga za radial clamping za N 5.000-10.000, bitanga ubukana bwo hejuru bwo gufata icyuma n'umuvuduko muto cyane (mm 0.001-0.002 upimwe kuri 4 × diameter overhang) ugereranije n'uburyo ubwo aribwo bwose bwo gufata igikoresho. Uburyo bwo gufata icyuma gifata icyuma bugenwa kugira ngo hamenyekane uburyo bwa nyuma bwo kurangiza icyuma gifata icyuma aho ubushobozi bwo kuzenguruka ari mm 0.004 cyangwa munsi yacyo.
Imicungire y'Ubuzima bw'Ibikoresho: Ikiguzi kuri buri mwobo n'icyemezo cyo gutanga amasoko ku mishinga y'umusaruro yo mu cyiciro cya 1
Igiciro cy'ibikoresho byose kuri buri mwobo ni igipimo abahanga mu by'ubucuruzi bw'imodoka bo mu cyiciro cya 1 bakoresha mu gusuzuma abatanga ibikoresho biramba. Imibare: (igiciro cy'umutwe uramba ÷ igihe cy'umutwe giteganijwe mu myobo) + (shyiramo ikiguzi ÷ igihe cy'umurimo mu myobo) + (kongera gukoresha kuri buri mwobo, niba bishoboka). Ku mutwe uramba ushobora guhinduka wa Derekmall ukoresheje CBN insert, utunganya icyuma cy'umukara ku muvuduko wo gukata wa 800 m/min:
Igiciro cy'umutwe utogosha: $250 (igiciro cy'umutwe) ÷ Umwobo 5.000.000 (igihe cy'umutwe giteganyijwe - umubiri w'umutwe umara igihe cyose cy'umuyoboro w'umusaruro hamwe no gusimbuza vis yo guhindura) = $0.00005 kuri buri mwobo. Igice cy'ikiguzi cyo gushyiramo: $18 (CBN insert, impande ebyiri, impande 2 zo gukata kuri buri mwobo) ÷ Umwobo 50.000 kuri buri mwobo = $0.00036 kuri buri mwobo kuri buri mwobo. Igiciro cy'ibikoresho byose kuri buri mwobo: $0.00041 kuri buri mwobo. Ku gice cya moteri cya silindiri 4 (imbobo 4 kuri buri mwobo), igiciro cy'igikoresho gitogosha kuri buri mwobo ni $0.00164 - igice gito cyane cy'ikiguzi cyose cy'imashini yo gutunganya igice.
Bityo, icyemezo cyo kugura ntabwo gishingiye ku giciro cy'ibikoresho kuri buri mwobo - bisanzwe ari bike - ahubwo gishingiye ku ruhare rw'igikoresho mu gupima imikorere y'ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga. Umutwe urambiranye usaba guhindurwa kenshi (buri bice 200-300 aho kuba ibice 500-1.000) ugabanya igihe cy'umuyoboro w'ibikoresho. Umuyoboro utanga umurambararo uhoraho w'umuyoboro n'irangira ry'ubuso mu buzima bwawo bwose (aho kugenda uhindagurika uko umuyoboro ugenda usaza) ugabanya igihe cyo kugenzura igice cya mbere n'igipimo cyo kuvugurura. Ku muyoboro w'ibikoresho bya Tier 1 utunganya moteri 200.000 ku mwaka, buri ntambwe ya 1% muri OEE - kuva ku kugabanya igihe cyo guhindura imikorere y'ibikoresho, igipimo cyo kuvugurura, cyangwa igihe cyo kugenzura igice cya mbere - ifite agaciro ka €200.000-€400.000 mu kongera ubushobozi bwo gukora no kugabanya ikiguzi cy'ibisigazwa.
Ibibazo n'Ibisubizo: Imodoka zo mu cyiciro cya 1 mu Burayi zishakisha ibikoresho bito binini bivuye mu Bushinwa
Q1: Ni izihe yemeza ko ikigo cy’Abashinwa gishinzwe gutanga ibikoresho bitoroshye kigomba gutanga kugira ngo cyemezwe mu cyiciro cya mbere cy’imodoka?
A: Igisabwa cy'ibanze ni icyemezo cya ISO 9001:2015 ku ruganda rukora ibikoresho. Ku batanga ibikoresho bo mu cyiciro cya mbere bakeneye icyemezo cya IATF 16949 (amahame ngenderwaho mu gucunga ubuziranenge bw'imodoka), Derekmall itanga icyemezo cya IATF 16949 nk'igice cy'ipaki yacu y'ibisabwa n'abatanga ibikoresho. Byongeye kandi, ukuri kw'ibipimo by'igikoresho bigomba kwemezwa na laboratwari y'ikigo cya gatatu (yemejwe na ISO 17025) - raporo y'igenzura itangwa kuri buri modoka irambiranye.
Q2: Ni iyihe MOQ ku rutonde rw'imitwe itoroshye ihinduka mikorobe?
A: MOQ ya Derekmall yo gukurura imitwe ni 1 ku ngano zisanzwe z'umutwe (uburebure bwa mm 20-40, HSK na Capto shanks). Ku mitwe yo gukurura yihariye yagenewe imiterere yihariye ya Tier 1 (umurambararo w'umutwe utari uw'ifatizo, kugera kure, imiterere yihariye ya coolant-through), MOQ ni 5-10 kuri buri gishushanyo. Igihe cyo gutangira gutumiza igerageza ni iminsi 15-20 y'akazi ku mitwe isanzwe n'iminsi 25-35 y'akazi ku mitwe isanzwe.
Ikibazo cya 3: Ese Derekmall itanga ubufasha aho ikorera mu gushyiraho ibikoresho bya mbere?
A: Ku mabwiriza y’imitwe irenga 20 igoramye, Derekmall itanga injeniyeri yo gukoresha ibikoresho kugira ngo isure aho ibikoresho byakorewe mu cyiciro cya 1 mu gihe cy’iminsi 2-3. Injeniyeri afasha mu: gushyiraho umutwe ugoramye mu gikoresho, gupima no guhindura imikorere, ikizamini cyo gukata igice cya mbere, no kunoza imiterere y’imikorere (umuvuduko wo gukata, igipimo cyo gutanga, uburebure bw’igipimo, umuvuduko w’igipimo gikonjesha). Gusura aho ibikoresho bikorerwa biteganijwe mu byumweru 2 uhereye igihe ibikoresho bigereye.
Ikibazo cya 4: Ese Derekmall ishobora gutanga imitwe irambiranye ijyanye na sisitemu yo guhindura MAPAL cyangwa KOMET?
A: Imitwe ya Derekmall ikoresha sisitemu isanzwe yo guhindura imirasire ya micrometer idahindukana na sisitemu zo guhindura za MAPAL cyangwa KOMET. Ariko, shank y'umutwe utoroshye ikorwa hakurikijwe uburyo busanzwe bwa HSK cyangwa Capto, bityo umutwe ushobora gushyirwa ku gikoresho icyo ari cyo cyose cyemera shank isanzwe - nta guhindura sisitemu isanzwe yo gufata ibikoresho ikenewe. Imiterere y'umufuka wo gushyiramo irahuye kandi n'imirongo isanzwe ya ISO (CCMT, DCMT, TPGB), bituma Tier 1 ikoresha ububiko bwayo busanzwe bwo gushyiramo hamwe n'imitwe itoroshye ya Derekmall.
Q5: Ni ryari igihe cyo gutangira gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri yo gusubiramo imitwe irambiranye gishoboka?
A: Igihe cyo gutumiza ibicuruzwa bisubirwamo ni iminsi 15-20 y'akazi ku bikoresho bisanzwe, iminsi 20-30 y'akazi ku bikoresho byihariye. Ibicuruzwa byo mu mazi biva i Ningbo bijya ku byambu by'i Burayi (Rotterdam, Hamburg) bifata iminsi 28-32. Ku bicuruzwa byihutirwa, Derekmall itanga umusaruro wihuta (iminsi 10 y'akazi) ku giciro cya 15% by'inyongera, hamwe no kohereza ibicuruzwa mu kirere (iminsi 3-5 biva i Ningbo bijya i Frankfurt cyangwa i Amsterdam).
Q6: Ni gute Derekmall igenzura ko imitwe ihora irambirana mu byiciro byinshi by'umusaruro?
A: Buri mutwe wose urimo gusuzumwa ukwawo mbere yo gupakira, raporo y'igenzura iri mu byoherejwe. Igenzura rikubiyemo: uburyo bwo gushyiraho umurambararo w'umurambararo w'umurambararo (igenzurwa hakurikijwe agace k'umurambararo kagenwe, ubushobozi bwo kwihanganira ± 0.002 mm), uburyo bwo gupima (bupimwe kuri V-block itunganye, ubushobozi bwo kwihanganira 0.003 mm ku murongo w'igipimo), na torque ya mikorometero (imbaraga zisabwa kugira ngo uzunguruke stroke yo guhindura, ipimwa hakoreshejwe torque, ubushobozi bwo kwihanganira ± 20% by'agaciro kagenzuwe). Inyandiko z'igenzura zishyirwa ku rutonde rw'imibare kandi zishobora gukurikiranwa n'umukoresha n'umugenzuzi ku giti cye.