Uburyo igikoresho gifata n'icyuma gifata ibikoresho ni bwo buryo bw'ingenzi cyane - kandi bukunze kumvikana nabi - bwo gusobanura Igikoresho cya Cnc gifata gutumiza. Gutumiza umurongo utari wo, hanyuma ubona igikoresho gifata ibikoresho kidashobora gushyirwa kuri mashini yawe, uko cyakozwe kose cyangwa uko igiciro cyaba gihagaze kose.

Buri mwaka, abaguzi bo mu bihugu birenga 70 bakira ibikoresho bidahuye n’ibikoresho byabo kuko bitiranyije CAT na BT, bakeka ko ISO na metric bishobora guhindurwa, cyangwa ntibagenzure niba spindle yabo isaba uburyo bwo guhuza ibintu bibiri cyangwa bumwe. Igiciro cyo gutumiza nabi - kohereza, kwishyura gasutamo, gutunganya ibicuruzwa, no kongera kohereza - ubusanzwe kirenga 15-20% by’agaciro k’umwimerere ko kugura. Ku bicuruzwa byihutirwa, ikiguzi cyo guhagarika imashini mu gihe utegereje ibikoresho bikwiye kiruta cyane igiciro cy’ibikoresho ubwabyo.

Derek Tools itanga ibikoresho byo gukoresha Ibikoresho byo Gukata ku nganda zikora ibikoresho mu bihugu birenga 70. Dushingiye ku bunararibonye bwacu mu kugurisha mu buryo bwa tekiniki ndetse n'amakosa akunze kugaragara mu gutumiza, iyi nyandiko ikubiyemo amahame atatu y’imikorere ugomba kugenzura mbere yo gushyiraho itegeko iryo ari ryo ryose rishyiraho ibikoresho ku kigo cy’imashini cyihuta.

1. Ubwoko bwa Spindle Interface: CAT vs. BT vs. ISO

Ubwoko bw'aho icyuma gikorera (spindle interface) bugena imiterere y'uburyo igikoresho gifata icyuma gishyirwa mu cyuma gikoresha icyuma. Bigenwa n'uwubaka igikoresho cy'imashini, ntabwo bigenwa n'ukora igikoresho cyo gukata cyangwa umuguzi. Ugomba guhuza icyuma n'icyuma gikoresha icyuma gikoresha icyuma - kandi guhuza bivuze ibirenze ingano ya icyuma gikoresha icyuma.

Amabwiriza atatu y’ingenzi agenga ikoreshwa ry’imashini yo gusimbuka ni:

• IGAZI (ANSI B5.50 / AS-2300): Nanone yitwa "American Standard" cyangwa "CAT" gusa. Ikoresha igishushanyo mbonera cya dogere 45 gifite uburyo bwo kubika ibintu. Gikunze kugaragara mu masoko y'inganda zo muri Amerika y'Amajyaruguru na amwe mu yo muri Aziya. Ingano zisanzwe: CAT 30 (ibigo bito by'imashini), CAT 40 (ibigo biciriritse by'imashini, ingano isanzwe ku isi), CAT 45, na CAT 50 (ibigo binini by'imashini biremereye).
• BT (JIS B 6339 / Big Plus): Igipimo cy’Abayapani, gikoreshwa cyane mu nganda zo muri Aziya. Ibikoresho bya BT bifite taper iremereye ya dogere 45 (igipimo cya 7:24) n’igishushanyo cy’uburyo bwo gukoranaho kabiri iyo bikoreshejwe na spindles zihuza na Big Plus - bivuze ko taper N’isura y’uyifataho bikorana na spindle icyarimwe. Iyi contact ebyiri itanga ubukana bwiza ugereranije n’uburyo bwo gukoranaho bumwe. Ingano zisanzwe: BT 30, BT 40, BT 50. Ubwoko bwa Big Plus bufite ikirango kigaragara kandi bugomba guhuzwa na spindle ihuza na Big Plus.
• ISO (DIN 2080 / ISO 7388): Igipimo ngenderwaho cy’i Burayi. Gikoresha igipimo cya 7:24 taper hamwe n’uburyo bwo guhuza isura (ISO 7388-1). Gikunze kugaragara ku masoko y’ibikoresho by’imashini by’i Burayi kandi gikomeje kwiyongera ku isi yose bitewe n’uburyo bwo guhuza isura. Ingano zisanzwe: ISO 30, ISO 40, ISO 50. Verisiyo yo guhuza isura (DIN 69873 / ISO 7388-1 Form AD) ikoreshwa cyane mu bikorwa byihuta kuko guhuza isura bitanga inyungu imwe n’iya Big Plus.
• HSK (DIN 69893 / ISO 12164): Uburyo bwo gupima ubushyuhe bw’Abadage, bukunze kugaragara mu bigo by’imashini byihuta cyane byo mu Burayi. HSK ifite igishushanyo mbonera cya bushyuhe bw’ubushyuhe bw’ubushyuhe gifite aho kigera mu maso. HSK-A (ifite ubushyuhe bwo kubika) ni verisiyo isanzwe; HSK-E (idafite ubushyuhe bwo kubika) ikoreshwa neza cyane mu gukoresha ubushyuhe bw’ubushyuhe. Iboneka mu ngano za HSK 32 kugeza HSK 160.

Kubera ko CAT, BT, na ISO tapers byose bikoresha igipimo cya 7:24, bisa nkaho bisa - umugozi utose ufite flange - ariko NTIBISHOBORA guhindurwa. Umurambararo wa flange, ingano y'isura ya flange, imiterere y'agahu ko kubikamo, umugozi wo gukurura umuyoboro, hamwe n'imiterere y'aho bihurira byose bitandukanye hagati y'ibi bipimo. Igikoresho cya CAT 40 ntikizashyirwa neza kuri spindle ya ISO 40. Kugerageza kugishyiraho imbaraga byangiza icyuma gifata n'icyuma gifata.

Buri gihe genzura neza uburyo imashini ikoresha ikoresha imashini, urupapuro rwerekana uko imashini ikoresha imashini ikora, cyangwa inyandiko z’ikoranabuhanga z’uruganda rwa OEM. Ntugatekereze ko ushingiye ku gihugu imashini ikomokamo - zimwe mu mashini za CAT 40 zishyirwa mu Burayi, naho zimwe muri ISO 40 zishyirwa muri Amerika y’Amajyaruguru bitewe n’uko abaguzi bakunda cyangwa politiki y’isosiyete mpuzamahanga igena uko ikora.

Mu gihe ugenzura aho imbuga ikorera, menya neza niba imbuga yawe ikoresha uburyo bwo gukoranaho bubiri cyangwa uburyo bwo gukoranaho bubiri. Imbuga yo gukoranaho bubiri (Big Plus cyangwa ISO face-contact) isaba ko imbuga zo gukoranaho zihuza n’uburyo bwo gukoranaho bubiri kugira ngo igere ku nyungu yuzuye yo gukomera. Gukoresha icyuma cyo gukoranaho bubiri mu mbuga yo gukoranaho bubiri nta nyungu bitanga ugereranyije n’icyuma gisanzwe cyo gukoranaho bubiri.

2. Uburyo bwo Kubika: Gukurura Stud vs. Collet vs. Hydraulic

Uburyo bwo kubika ibikoresho ni uburyo igikoresho gikururwa mu cyuma gifata ibikoresho kikabikwa mu mwanya wacyo mu gihe gikoreshwa. Uburyo bubi bwo kubika ibikoresho bushobora gutuma igikoresho gisohoka mu gihe cyo guhindura igikoresho, kugwa mu gihe cyo kwihutisha icyuma, cyangwa ntikigere ku mbaraga zikenewe mu bikorwa byo gukata ibikoresho ku ngufu nyinshi. Iki ni kimwe mu bipimo bikunze kutumvikana mu mabwiriza mpuzamahanga y’ibikoresho.

Uburyo butatu bw'ingenzi bwo kubika ibikoresho mu bigo bikora imashini:

• Gufata icyuma gikurura: Igipimo ngenderwaho cy’ibikoresho bya CAT, BT, na ISO. Agakoresho ko gukurura gakozwe neza (kandi kitwa akabuto ko kugumana) hejuru y’agakoresho gafatana n’agakoresho ko gukurura. Iyo habayeho impinduka mu gikoresho, agakoresho ko gukurura gasohora agakoresho ko gukurura, bigatuma ukuboko kwa ATC (automatic tool changer) gukuramo agakoresho. Agakoresho ko gukurura gagomba guhuza imiterere yihariye ya spindle - ANSI-style ya CAT, JIS-style ya BT, na ISO-style ya ISO ho abafite ISO. Imiterere y’inguni yo gukurura, ingano zo gukata, n’agakoresho ko kugumana byose bitandukanye hagati y’ibipimo ngenderwaho n’ibirango by’imashini.
• Uburyo bwo kubika uduce tw’ibice (ER cyangwa Weldon): Ikoreshwa ku bikoresho byo gusya, uduce two gucukura, n'ibikoresho byo gupfunyika. Igikoresho cyangwa umugozi w'icyuma ufatwa n'umuvuduko w'impeshyi unyuze muri ER collet (ubusanzwe ER 32 cyangwa ER 40 mu gukoresha ibyuma byo gucukura). Imiterere ya Weldon flat drive ibuza ko ibintu bizunguruka munsi y'umutwaro w'imbaraga. Ubu buryo butanga uburyo bwiza bwo gufata ibikoresho bito ariko imbaraga nke zo gufata ugereranije na sisitemu zo gukurura stud mu bikorwa bikomeye byo gucukura. ER collets zigarukira hafi kuri 80% by'urwego rwazo rwo gufata bitewe n'ubushobozi buke bwo gukurura ibyuma byo gucukura.
• Gufunga hifashishijwe hydraulic: Ikoreshwa ku bikoresho byihariye aho bisaba ko habaho uburyo bwo kugabanya umuvuduko no gusubiramo imbaraga zo gufunga. Ibikoresho bikoresha amavuta yo mu mutwe cyangwa ingufu zo gufunga kugira ngo bifate icyuma cy'igikoresho, bitanga imbaraga zo gufunga zidahinduka nk'iz'ibice by'imashini. Ibikoresho bikoresha amazi akenshi bigira imbaraga zo gusohora inshuro 3-5 z'ibice by'imashini bingana na ER kandi bigatanga uburyo bwo kugabanya umuvuduko - bigabanya urusaku mu bikoresho birebire bigabanya umuvuduko kugeza kuri 50%.

Kubera ko Imiterere y'imashini ikoreshwa mu gukurura iratandukanye hagati y'amahame ya CAT, BT, na ISO, agapfundo ko kubika (gukurura) ni umwihariko w'ubwoko bw'aho imashini ikorera N'ikirango cy'imashini. Agapfundo ko kubika CAT 40 k'uruganda rumwe ntigakwirana n'agapfundikizo ka CAT 40 k'uruganda rumwe mu gihe bashaka ubwoko butandukanye bw'imashini. Abaguzi bamwe bagabanya ikiguzi bagura udupfundikizo two kubika tw'uruganda rwa gatatu, ariko guhurirana hagati y'udupfundikizo tw'uruganda rwa gatatu n'udupfundikizo twa OEM bishobora gutera amakosa yo gushyira ibintu mu mwanya mu gihe cyo guhindura igikoresho, ibibazo by'igihe cya ATC, no mu bihe bikomeye, gusohora agapfundikizo mu gihe cyo kwihutisha umugozi.

Ku bijyanye n'udupira twa collet, reba kandi igipimo cya collet. Udupira twa ER tuboneka mu bunini bwa ER 11, ER 16, ER 20, ER 25, ER 32, na ER 40. ER 32 ni yo ikoreshwa cyane mu byuma bikora imashini bifite udupira twa CAT 40 cyangwa ISO 40. Menya neza ko ingano ya collet ihuye n'umugozi w'icyuma ufata ndetse n'umurambararo ntarengwa w'igikoresho uteganya gukoresha - ukoresheje collet nto mu gice kinini cy'umugozi ufata imyanda kandi ugabanye imbaraga zo gufunga.

3. Ingano y'ubuziranenge n'isuzuma rya RPM

Ku bijyanye no gukora imashini yihuta cyane — ibikorwa ku muvuduko wa spindle uri hejuru ya 8.000 RPM — ubwiza bw'igikoresho gifata ibikoresho ni ingenzi kimwe n'uburyo bwo gukoresha. Igikoresho gifata ibikoresho kidahuje neza kuri 15.000 RPM gitanga imbaraga za centrifugal zitera urusaku, zikangiza irangi ry'ubuso, zigabanya igihe cyo gukata ibikoresho ku kigero cya 20-40% mu gukora imashini ya aluminiyumu yihuta cyane, kandi zigatuma icyuma gifata spindle cyangirika — bishobora gutwara $5.000-$20.000 mu gusimbuza spindle imburagihe.

Ubwiza bw'ingano y'ingano bugaragazwa na ISO 1940-1 nk'agaciro ka G (G2.5, G6.3, G16, nibindi), bigaragaza ko hari ubusumbane busigaye muri milimetero 100 kuri kilo y'uburemere bw'ingano. Agaciro ka G gake kagaragaza ubusumbane bwiza:

• G2.5: Igipimo cyo kuringaniza neza ku byuma bipima umuvuduko uri hejuru ya 15.000 RPM. Birakenewe mu gutunganya indege n'ubuvuzi aho kurangiza neza ubuso no kwihanganira cyane ari ingenzi. Ibikoresho by'ingenzi biva mu nganda z'ubuziranenge bigezwa kuri G2.5 nk'ibisanzwe.
• G6.3: Igipimo gisanzwe cyo kuringaniza imashini rusange kiri hagati ya 6.000 na 15.000 RPM. Igipimo gito cyemewe ku bigo byinshi bigezweho bikora ku muvuduko usanzwe wo gukata. Iki ni cyo gipimo cy'ibanze ku bakoresha ibikoresho byo mu rwego rw'inganda.
• G16: Ntibyemewe mu bikorwa byihuse cyane. Bikwiriye guhindura ibikoresho n'intoki, gukoresha imashini zikora imashini, n'ibikoresho byihuta biri munsi ya 3.000 RPM. Abafite ingengo y'imari akenshi bagera kuri G16 cyangwa irenze iyo — ikibazo gikomeye kuri centre iyo ari yo yose ikora imashini za CNC ikora hejuru ya 6.000 RPM.

Kubera ko Ubwiza bw'ibiringaniye bugira ingaruka ku gikoresho cyose gifata ibikoresho — harimo agapfundo ko kubika, imashini cyangwa amaboko, igikoresho cyo gukata ubwacyo, n'ikintu gikonjesha cyangwa imyanda iri ku gikoresho — agaciro ka G kagenwe ku gikoresho cyonyine ni igice cy'ikigereranyo. Igikoresho gifata gifite amanota ya G6.3 giteranijwe n'igikoresho cyo gukata kitaringaniye neza kizakomeza gutera guhindagurika kwangiza imikorere. Buri gihe genzura ubwiza bw'ibiringaniye bw'igikoresho cyose cyateranijwe.

Byongeye kandi, genzura neza amanota ntarengwa ya RPM y'igikoresho gifata ibikoresho. Hari ibikoresho bya CAT 40 na ISO 40 bifite amanota agera kuri 8.000 RPM gusa bitewe n'imiterere ya sisitemu yo kubikamo ibikoresho na geometry ya flange. Ibindi - bifite sisitemu yo kubika ibikoresho ihamye, imiterere itunganye, na geometry ya flange ingana - bifite amanota agera kuri 15.000 cyangwa 20.000 RPM. Kugena icyuma gifata ibikoresho cya RPM gito ku kigo gitanga ibikoresho byihuta ni ikosa rikunze kandi rihenze, cyane cyane iyo utumiza ibicuruzwa bivuye ku batanga serivisi benshi cyangwa mu turere dufite amanota atandukanye.

Kubera ko Iyo uburinganire bugabanutse uko igihe kigenda gihita bitewe no kwangirika, ubushyuhe bukwirakwira, n'umwanda, ibikoresho bigomba kuvugurura buri gihe mu bikorwa. Inganda nyinshi zitanga serivisi zo kuvugurura nk'igice cya gahunda zazo zo kubungabunga. Teganya kongera gushyira uburinganire nyuma y'igikorwa icyo ari cyo cyose kijyanye no gukuraho no kongera gushyiraho agapfundo ko kubikamo, agapfunyika, cyangwa ibice by'icyuma gifata.

Guhuza Interface Standard na Machine yawe

Dore uburyo bwo gufata ibyemezo bufatika bwo guhuza ibipimo ngenderwaho n'ubwoko busanzwe bw'ibigo bikoresha ikoranabuhanga. Ku baguzi bashaka guhuza ibikorwa byabo n'ibigo bikoresha ikoranabuhanga rya CNC, Derek Tools ikora urutonde rw'ibikoresho byayo. Ibikoresho bya CNC bifite aho bihurira na BT, CAT, ISO, na HSK mu ngano zose zisanzwe za taper — zose ziringaniye na G6.3 cyangwa zirenzeho kugira ngo zikore vuba cyane.

• Ibikoresho by'imashini byihuta cyane (birenga 12.000 RPM) — indege, ibumba/icyuma, ubuvuzi: BT ifite Big Plus dual-contact interface (imashini zo mu Buyapani/Aziya), cyangwa HSK-A/E (imashini zo mu Burayi). Zombi zitanga uburyo bwo guhuza isura n'isura icyarimwe bukenewe kugira ngo umuntu akomere cyane kuri RPM iri hejuru. Emeza ko spindle yawe ihuye na Big Plus — si spindle zose za BT zishyigikira gukoranaho kabiri, kandi gukoresha BT holder isanzwe muri spindle ya Big Plus nta nyungu itanga ku gukoranaho isura.
• Ibigo bisanzwe byo gukora imashini za CNC (4,000-12,000 RPM) — inganda rusange: CAT 40 (Amerika ya Ruguru, Aziya imwe), ISO 40 (Uburayi, Isi yose), cyangwa BT 40 (Aziya). Byose uko ari bitatu birakwiriye muri uru rwego rwa RPM iyo bihujwe n'ibikoresho bya G6.3 bifite ubuziranenge. Hitamo ukurikije ubwoko bw'imashini yawe aho guhitamo imiterere y'akarere.
• Imashini zikora cyane (munsi ya 4.000 RPM) — ibikoresho binini byo gukora, imiterere y'indege: CAT 50 cyangwa ISO 50 ku bikoresho binini bisaba gukomera cyane. Ifite taper nini itanga gukomera gukomeye kugira ngo ibikoresho biremereye bikureho. Ubwiza bw'ubuziranenge ntibuba bukenewe cyane kuri uyu muvuduko, ariko G6.3 iracyasabwa mu kurinda umugozi.
• Ibice bito n'imashini zitunganya ibumba (ibikoresho bito kandi byihuta): CAT 30, ISO 30, cyangwa BT 30. Imashini ntoya igabanya umutwaro w'imashini iyo ikoresha ibikoresho bito by'umurambararo ku muvuduko mwinshi cyane. Ikoreshwa kandi mu gucukura vuba cyane no mu bikorwa byo gucukura bifite umurambararo muto.
• Ibigo by'imashini bifite umurongo wa gatanu: HSK 63 cyangwa HSK 100 ni ibintu bisanzwe ku mashini zifite umurongo wa gatanu bitewe n'imiterere mito n'imiterere myiza y'umurongo wa HSK. Emeza ingano yihariye ya HSK ukoresheje icyuma cyawe, kuko imashini zifite umurongo wa gatanu akenshi zikoresha ingano zidasanzwe.

Icyo ugomba kwemeza mbere yo gutanga commande yawe

Mbere yo gutanga itegeko ryo kugura ibikoresho by'imashini, genzura ibi bikurikira ukoresheje inyandiko zawe cyangwa itsinda ry'abashinzwe ikoranabuhanga mu kubaka ibikoresho by'imashini:

1. Igipimo ngenderwaho cy'urukiramende: CAT (ANSI B5.50), BT (JIS B 6339), ISO (DIN 2080 / ISO 7388), cyangwa HSK (DIN 69893). Emeza ukoresheje inyandiko z'imashini cyangwa icyapa cy'izina — ntabwo ari mu gihugu imashini yaturutsemo cyangwa mu bubiko bw'akarere bw'umucuruzi w'imashini.
2. Ingano ya Taper: 30, 40, cyangwa 50 (ingano y'izina ijyanye n'umurambararo wa flange muri CAT na ISO; muri BT, inomero igaragaza kandi umurambararo wa flange muri milimetero).
3. Ubwoko bw'agapfundo ko kubikamo: Garagaza uburyo nyabwo bwo gukurura cyangwa uburyo bwo kubika icyuma ku kirango cy’imashini yawe n’icyitegererezo cyayo. Ibipimo by’agapfundikizo ko kubika icyuma biratandukanye bitewe n’ikirango cy’imashini — agapfundikizo ka Fanuc, agapfundikizo ka Siemens, na gapfundikizo gagenzurwa na Heidenhain byose bishobora gukoresha imiterere itandukanye ya gapfundikizo ko gukura icyuma ndetse no mu buryo bumwe bwa CAT 40. Niba utabizi neza, ohereza ibipimo by’agapfundikizo ko kubika icyuma cyangwa icyitegererezo gifatika ku muntu utanga ibikoresho.
4. Ibisabwa ntarengwa bya RPM: Vuga umuvuduko ntarengwa w'imashini ikoresha. Ibi bigena niba ibikoresho bisanzwe cyangwa ibifite umuvuduko mwinshi bikenewe.
5. Ibisabwa ku buringanire bw'ubuziranenge: G2.5 yo gukoresha neza indege/ubuvuzi, G6.3 yo gukoresha uburyo busanzwe bwo gukora ibikoresho byihuta cyane. Garagaza agaciro ka G gakenewe mu iguriro ryawe kandi urebe neza ko kanditswe ku cyemezo cy'ikizamini cy'umutanga serivisi.
6. Ubushobozi bwo gukonjesha: Niba icyo gikoresho kizakoreshwa hamwe n'icyuma gikonjesha kinyura mu ruziga (TSC), menya neza ko igishushanyo cy'aho gikonjesha n'igishushanyo mbonera cyacyo bihura n'umuvuduko w'icyuma gikonjesha (ubusanzwe bifata uburebure bwa metero 20-70 kuri sisitemu zikonjesha zifite umuvuduko mwinshi). Ibikoresho bisanzwe bidafite ubushobozi bwa TSC bizavamo icyuma gikonjesha kinyura mu ruziga no mu mubiri wacyo iyo bikoreshejwe hamwe n'icyuma gikonjesha kinyura mu ruziga.
7. Ubwoko bw'igikoresho gifata: Garagaza ubwoko bw'ikintu gikenewe - icyuma gifata uruganda, agace ko gucukura, agace ko gufata amazi, agace ko gushyiramo amazi, agace ko gucukura, cyangwa agace ko gushushanya - hanyuma ugaragaze umurambararo w'umuyoboro n'uburebure bw'igikoresho cyawe.

Kugira ngo hamenyekane byinshi ku bipimo ngenderwaho by'ibikoresho n'ibipimo by'imashini, Igipimo ngenderwaho cya ISO 7388 igena ingano y'aho ibikoresho bikorera ibikoresho bishyirwa mu bigo bicukura ibikoresho. Igipimo ngenderwaho cya ISO 1940-1 igena ibisabwa ku buringanire bw'imashini zizunguruka, harimo n'ibikoresho bizikoresha. ASM International itanga ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga ku bijyanye no gutunganya, gukata ibikoresho, n'ikoranabuhanga ry'amazi akora ibyuma rijyanye n'imikorere yihuse yo gutunganya.

Igiciro cyose cy'itegeko ry'umuntu ukoresha ibikoresho bitari byo

Gutumiza ibikoresho nabi si ikiguzi cyo kohereza ibicuruzwa gusa. Ni igihe cyo gukora ibicuruzwa bidakora, ikiguzi cyo kongera gutumiza vuba, gutinda kwa gasutamo ku bicuruzwa bisubijwe, n'ingaruka ku masezerano yo kohereza ibicuruzwa ku bakiriya bawe. Ku isoko ry'akazi rikora amasaha abiri cyangwa atatu, gutumiza ibikoresho nabi rimwe mu gihe cyo gukora ibicuruzwa bishobora gutwara amafaranga menshi mu gihe cyo gukora ibicuruzwa kuruta agaciro kose k'ibyo watumije ubwabyo.

Dore isesengura risanzwe ry'ikiguzi cy'icyuma gikoresha CAT 40 kitari cyo cyatumijwe ku mashini ifite umugozi wa ISO 40:

• Agaciro k'umwimerere k'iguriro: $200-400 kuri buri muntu ufite
• Kohereza ibicuruzwa bisubizwa (ku rwego mpuzamahanga): $50-150 kuri buri muntu ufite
• Umusoro ku bicuruzwa byasubijwe (uratandukanye bitewe n'igihugu): ushobora kuba uri hagati ya 5-20% by'agaciro k'ibicuruzwa byatumijwe
• Amafaranga yo kongera gushyira mu bubiko atangwa n'umutanga serivisi: ubusanzwe 10-15% by'agaciro k'ibicuruzwa
• Kohereza byihutishwa (gutwara ibintu mu ndege kugira ngo hirindwe kongererwa igihe cyo kuruhuka): $100-300 kuri buri muntu ufite
• Igiciro cy'igihe cyo kuruhuka kw'imashini (dufashe ko imashini igura $100 ku isaha, amasaha 2 yo kuruhuka): $200
• Igiciro cyose cy'itumiza ritari ryo: ubusanzwe 60-100% by'agaciro k'itumiza ry'umwimerere, hamwe n'ubukererwe bwo gukora

Kugenzura imiterere y'aho ukorera mbere yo gutumiza ntacyo bitwara kandi bifata iminota 10. Ni intambwe ihendutse cyane mu kugura.

Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa

Ni iyihe mbonerahamwe ikoreshwa n'abaguzi akenshi - kandi ni iyihe imashini yabo ikeneye?

ISO 40 na CAT 40 (izwi kandi nka ANSI B5.50) ni byo bipimo bibiri bikunze gukoreshwa cyane ku bakoresha ibikoresho mu bigo bikora imashini. ISO 40 ikoresha uburyo bwo gukurura bwa metric na sisitemu yo guhuza isura ku rwego mpuzamahanga, mu gihe CAT 40 ikoresha uburyo bwa ANSI bushingiye kuri santimetero 45 bufite uburyo bwa flange taper bwa dogere 45. BT (Big Plus) ni yo mahitamo akundwa ku bikoresho byihuta cyane birenga 10.000 RPM bitewe n'imiterere yayo y'isura ifite imiterere ibiri n'uburyo bwa tape.

Ni ibihe bihano by'ubukana n'uburinganire bitangwa n'igikoresho cyo guhuza ibintu kimwe ku muvuduko wo hejuru wa spindle?

Ibikoresho bya BT (Big Plus) bifite imiterere y’uburyo bwo gukoranaho bubiri aho umugozi n’isura y’umugozi bikorana n’umugozi icyarimwe. Ibikoresho bya CAT (ANSI) bikoranaho gusa kuri umugozi. Ubu buryo bwo gukoranaho bubiri muri BT butanga ubukana bwinshi bw’imirasire, ubushobozi bwo gusubiramo neza, no kugabanya gutigita ku muvuduko wo hejuru. Sisitemu ya Big Plus spindle yakozwe by’umwihariko kugira ngo ikemure imbogamizi zo gukoranaho na CAT tapers ku muvuduko wo hejuru w’umugozi.

Uburyo amahitamo asanzwe ya interface azana ibihano byo kuringaniza bigabanya igihe cyo gukata ibikoresho ku gipimo cyo hejuru cya RPM

Iyo umuvuduko uri hejuru ya 8.000 RPM, uburinganire bw'ibikoresho biba ingenzi cyane. Imiterere ya ISO na BT isanzwe iringaniye na G6.3 cyangwa irenga ku ruganda, mu gihe ibikoresho by'ingenzi bingana na G2.5. Ibikoresho bya CAT muri rusange biringaniye na G6.3. Igikoresho kidahuje neza kuri 15.000 RPM gitanga imbaraga zo gutandukanya ibikoresho zitera guhinda, bikagabanya igihe cyo gukata ibikoresho ho 20-40%, bigasenya imiterere y'ubuso, kandi bigatera kwangirika kw'ubwikorezi bw'umugongo uko igihe kigenda gihita.

Kuki ibigo by’imashini byihuta byo mu Burayi birushaho kugaragaza uburyo bwo gukora HSK kuruta imiterere gakondo ya taper gusa?

HSK (Hohl shaft Kurtz) ni igipimo cy’Abadage (DIN 69893 / ISO 12164) gifite igishushanyo mbonera cy’icyuma gikozwe mu buryo bwihuse kandi gikozwe mu buryo bwihuse. Ubwoko bwa HSK-A butanga ubushobozi bwo guhindura ibikoresho mu buryo bwihuse kandi bukoreshwa cyane mu bigo by’imashini byihuta cyane byo mu Burayi. Imiterere yayo y’icyuma igabanya uburemere kandi ikanoza uburinganire, mu gihe gukora mu maso bitanga ubukana bwinshi bungana na Big Plus. Ubwoko bwa HSK-E (budafite flange yo kubikamo) bunoze kugira ngo burusheho kwihuta mu bikoresho byihariye by’imashini zikora mu buryo bwihuse.

Ni ingano iyihe y'icyuma gipima ubugari bwa spindle (spindle taper) ikoreshwa n'ibigo byinshi by'imashini?

CAT 40 (santimetero 1.75, umurambararo wa flange wa 43mm) na ISO 40 (santimetero 40) ni zo ngano ebyiri zisanzwe zo gukata imashini ku bigo bisanzwe byo gukata imashini. CAT 40 igaragara cyane mu masoko ya Amerika y'Amajyaruguru no muri amwe mu masoko ya Aziya; ISO 40 igaragara cyane mu Burayi no ku isi yose. Ku machining mato yihuta cyane, CAT 30 na ISO 30 ni ibisanzwe. Ku machining manini n'inganda zikomeye, CAT 50 na ISO 50 ni byo bikoreshwa.

Impamvu adaptateri zishyiramo ingaruka zo guhindagurika no guhindagurika kw'ingufu bigatuma zidakoreshwa mu mikorere y'imashini yihuta cyane

Adaptateri zirahari (BT-to-CAT na CAT-to-ISO) ariko muri rusange ntizisabwa gukoreshwa mu gutunganya vuba. Adaptateri zishyiraho ubundi buryo bwo guhuza bufite ubushobozi bwo gupima ubushobozi bwazo, zigabanya uburyo bwo guhuza neza, kandi zigatuma ubwiza bw'uburinganire bugorana. Mu mikorere y'umuvuduko urenze 10.000 RPM, adaptateri iba isoko yo guhindagura, kugabanya ubukana, no kunanirwa kurekura ibikoresho. Garagaza uburyo bukwiye bwo guhuza icyuma cyawe kuva mu ntangiriro.

Ni kangahe ibikoresho bigomba kongerwamo ubushobozi bwo kuringaniza?

Ibikoresho bigomba kongera gusuzumwa niba biringaniye nyuma y’igikorwa icyo ari cyo cyose cyo kubungabunga kijyanye n’agapfundo ko kubika, ikoti, cyangwa umubiri w’icyuma gifata. Ku bijyanye no gutunganya ibikoresho ku gipimo cyo hejuru cya RPM, ni byiza kugenzura buri gihembwe. Igenzura ry’ibipimo byangiritse - flanges zigonze, imbobo zigumana zashaje, studs zo gukurura zangiritse - rigomba gukorwa igihe cyose hahinduwe igikoresho. Ibikoresho bigaragara ko byashaje cyangwa byaguye bigomba guhita bikurwa mu mirimo kandi bikoherezwa mu igenzura no mu isuzuma.

Ni iyihe miterere y'ubuso n'ubwiza bw'imashini ikora ku mugozi biva mu gukoresha ibikoresho bya G6.3 kuri 15.000 RPM mu gutunganya indege?

G2.5 bivuze ko igisigaye ari milimetero 2.5 kuri kilogarama y'uburemere buzenguruka. G6.3 bivuze milimetero 6.3 kuri kilogarama - hafi inshuro 2.5 z'uburemere buhindagurika. Ku gipimo cya 10.000 RPM, icyuma gifata G6.3 gikora imbaraga za centrifugal zikubye inshuro 2.5 z'icyuma gifata G2.5. Ku gipimo cya 15.000 RPM, itandukaniro rirushaho kuba rikomeye, bituma G2.5 iba igipimo gisabwa mu bijyanye n'ikirere cyiza no gutunganya ibikoresho by'ubuvuzi aho imiterere y'ubuso n'uburyo bwo kwihanganira imiterere ari ingenzi cyane.

Kuki ibikoresho bidafite ubushobozi bwo gukonjesha hakoreshejwe pinusi binanirwa iyo bikoreshejwe ku bigo by’imashini bifite ibikoresho bya TSC?

Umuti wo konjesha unyuze mu ruziga (TSC) utanga umuti wo konjesha unyuze hagati mu ruziga, usohoka ku ruhande rw'igikoresho. Ibi bisaba ko umuti uba ufite icyuho gifunze kibuza umuti wo konjesha gusohoka mu ruziga cyangwa ku mubiri. Ibikoresho bisanzwe byagenewe gukoreshwa mu ruziga rwo hanze bizava mu gihe bikoreshejwe na sisitemu za TSC. Mu gutumiza ibikoresho by'imashini zifite TSC, garagaza ibikoresho bihuye na TSC bifite icyuho gikwiye ku ruziga n'igishushanyo mbonera cy'umuti wo konjesha.

Umwanzuro

Ibipimo bitatu by'ingenzi by'imiterere y'ibikoresho — ubwoko bw'imiterere y'ibikoresho, uburyo bwo kubika, n'ubwiza bw'uburinganire — ni ibipimo bidasubirwaho mu buryo ubwo aribwo bwose bwo gufata ibikoresho ku bigo bikoresha ikoranabuhanga ryihuse. Bigena niba ibikoresho bikoresha ikoranabuhanga bihuye neza n'imashini, niba bifashe igikoresho neza munsi ya RPM nyinshi n'imbaraga zo gukata, ndetse niba bitanga ubwiza n'ubuzima bw'ibikoresho nk'uko ikoranabuhanga ribisaba.

Kuri Ibikoresho bya Derek, dutanga ibikoresho byo gukata n'ibikoresho byo gukata ku nganda zo mu bihugu birenga 70. Itsinda ryacu rya tekiniki rishobora kugufasha kugenzura uburyo bukwiye bwo gukoresha ikigo cyawe cyihariye cyo gukora imashini no gutanga inama ku bijyanye n'uburyo bukwiye bwo kubika no kubika ibikoresho hakurikijwe umuvuduko wawe n'ibikenewe mu gukata. Reba kataloge yacu yuzuye y'ibicuruzwa cyangwa hamagara itsinda ryacu ry'abagurisha ibikoresho bya tekiniki kugira ngo tuganire ku byo wategetse bikurikira. Menya ibyerekeye ikigo cyacu n'urusobe rw'ibicuruzwa ku isi hosecyangwa soma inkuru zacu za tekiniki n'amakuru agezweho mu nganda kugira ngo ubone inama ku bijyanye no gutunganya no kuvugurura ibicuruzwa.

Huza na Derek Tools:
Reba Ibicuruzwa | Amakuru agezweho | Ku bijyanye natwe